Israel – Gaza War; From Balfour Declaration 1917 to Donald Trump’s 21 Points 2025: Concerns, Prospects and Expectations And the immediate readiness of Hamas on the plan shows more resolute and resilient
By: Dr. Mohammad Ajmal
Assistant Professor at Centre of Arabic and African Studies, School of Language,
Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
One should remember that in 1917, an agreement was made in the name of Balfour Declaration. In this letter written on November 2, 1917 during the First World War, for the first time, the British government supported the establishment of a state for the Jews in Palestine. From that very time Britain had gained control over Palestine after defeating the Ottoman Empire. Its driving force was Arthur James Balfour, the British Secretary. His eagerness to give the Jews the land of Palestine had stabbed such a dagger in the back of the Muslims that the wound is still festering. Neither did this wound heal nor could Muslim rulers unite to cure with it. The result was that today the United States and Israel have further deepened the same wound and medical assistance is being sought from Muslim rulers for this wound. The misfortune of the Muslim Ummah is that the Ummah is bleeding in the hands of these rulers who are the lovers of wealth and power.
At present, the United States is paving the way for another Balfour Declaration for Greater Israel in the form of a peace treaty, and has almost done so. Even in 1917 and 2025, the Islamic world is in favor of this treaty. And they are confirming the Jewish occupation of Palestine. At present, dreams of creating a new Gaza under the two-nation plan are being shown in Gaza. Palestinians have been evicted from their homes in the name of a peace treaty. It has been two years since October 7, 2023 and in view of Israel’s clear defeat this peace treaty has been implemented. Behind this treaty, there are also proposals to take practical steps for Greater Israel. Apparently, these proposals are being shown in the name of peace in Gaza. Because the path to Greater Israel also includes the Gaza Strip, which the United States and Israel could not defeat in two years with all their efforts. Hamas’s resistance has made their defeat clear. In 1917, Muslims and the Ottoman Caliphate were also obstacles in the way of tearing the cloak of the Caliphate. That is why the cloak of the Caliphate was torn first. Then, according to the rest of the process, the process of a separate homeland for the Israelis began.
Similarly, all the Arab countries were given separate states, so that from today you will live in this circle of nationalism. You are Syrian, you are Egyptian, you are Iraqi, you are Saudi, you take over Jordan. Yes, here is your Kuwait. Here is your Turkey. At that time, in the name of the New World Order, America had started raising its illegitimate child Israel, and now this child has become a beast that is ready to devour the entire world, including America. Today, the situation is almost the same, only the trick is new, but the pawns are old. Even then, Muslim rulers were bowing down to America and Europe, forgetting themselves in the greed for wealth and power, and the same thing is happening today. But they all forget that Allah is the best of planners.
There is still time for the Muslim rulers to return. But the blindfold has obscured their path to return. But the end will be very hard in this world and in the Hereafter. This is the promise of Lord Almighty, which is mentioned in the Quran in Surah Al-Baqarah.
وَ لَنۡ تَرۡضٰی عَنۡکَ الۡیَہُوۡدُ وَ لَا النَّصٰرٰی حَتّٰی تَتَّبِعَ مِلَّتَہُمۡ ؕ قُلۡ اِنَّ ہُدَی اللّٰہِ ہُوَ الۡہُدٰی ؕ وَ لَئِنِ اتَّبَعۡتَ اَہۡوَآءَہُمۡ بَعۡدَ الَّذِیۡ جَآءَکَ مِنَ الۡعِلۡمِ ۙ مَا لَکَ مِنَ اللّٰہِ مِنۡ وَّلِیٍّ وَّ لَا نَصِیۡرٍ(۱۲۰)
The Jews and the Christians will never be satisfied with you until you follow their religion. Say, “The guidance of Allah is the only guidance.” And if you follow their desires after what has come to you of knowledge, then you will have with Allah neither a protector nor a helper.
US President Donald Trump has announced a peace plan on September 29, 2025 to end the two-year war in Gaza after meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Washington. Major Muslim and Arab countries, including Turkey, Indonesia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Jordan and Pakistan have supported the plan. Other countries, including France and Britain, which recently recognized the Palestinian state, have also welcomed the plan and are all urging Hamas to accept it.
But the plan includes some conditions that are not acceptable in their current state, which is why Hamas, in its initial response, had called for clarification of some of the plan’s contents and called for discussion and negotiations. These include the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Gaza, Hamas’s disarmament, and its relinquishment of any political, military, or administrative role in Gaza.
Nevertheless, the questions that consciously come to one’s mind : Will this peace plan of the US President really succeed in bringing peace to Palestine or has he shown his sincerity in presenting this peace plan or will it also fail like many plans and proposals since 1947 (the UN plan)? To answer this question, it is necessary to critically examine the situation arising from the Gaza war and President Trump’s peace strategy.
More than 68,000 Palestinians have been killed in Gaza so far due to attacks by Israeli forces in response to Hamas’s action against Israel on October 7, 2023.According to an estimate, the number of men, women, and children killed or injured by Israel in Gaza constitutes 11 percent of the total Palestinian population in Gaza. More than 92 percent of residential buildings in Gaza have been either destroyed or rendered uninhabitable by Israeli bombardment, forcing the majority of Palestinians to live in tents under the open sky.
But Israel is also targeting the Palestinians living in these tents. The most painful aspect is that for the past several months, Israel has completely blockaded Gaza and has completely restricted access to water, food and medicine for the Palestinians. In other words, at present, Palestinian citizens are not only being targeted by bullets from Israeli soldiers, tank shells or bombs from warplanes, but are also dying of hunger and disease. This Israeli action is still ongoing, which the International Court of Justice has declared “genocide”.
Therefore, an immediate ceasefire in Gaza was essential to stop the massacre of Palestinians and to ensure that food and other essentials can reach them. In the opinion of President Trump and the countries supporting the plan, the implementation of the plan can achieve these goals.
But the plan uses vague and ambiguous language about an immediate ceasefire, the provision of food to the Palestinians, and above all, the security, peace, and order in Gaza, and the role of the Gazans themselves in running Gaza’s affairs. For example, Article 4 of the agreement requires Hamas to return all Israeli hostages (dead and alive) within 72 hours of Israel’s formal acceptance of the agreement. When all the hostages are released by Hamas, Israel will release 250 prisoners served life sentences in its prisons and 2,000 Palestinian prisoners captured in Gaza after October 7, 2023.
Although Article 16 prohibits Israel from occupying and annexing Gaza, it does not specify when and how long the Israeli forces will withdraw from Gaza, and whether it will be a complete withdrawal or whether Israel will be allowed to keep its forces in some areas of Gaza for security reasons. However, according to statements issued by Netanyahu after his meeting with Donald Trump, Israel will not give up its right to keep its forces in certain “security zones.”
The most bizarre provisions concern government affairs in Gaza (Article 9) and security affairs (Article 15). According to them, an interim committee will be formed to handle governance matters, whose task will be to resolve public service and local (municipal) problems of the people on a daily basis, and it will include qualified Palestinian and international experts. Above this committee, another international interim body, the “Board of Peace,” will be established, which will be headed by US President Donald Trump and assisted by former British Prime Minister Tony Blair.
In other words, the mandate system of the League of Nations, which was implemented almost a century ago, is being implemented. The only difference is that it was implemented under an international organization (the League of Nations), while according to the Trump peace plan, the future of Gaza will be decided barely by the United States and its designated international experts, rather than by the United Nations or the people of Gaza. Similarly, the United States will establish an International Stability Force (ISF) in collaboration with Arab and international partner countries to provide peace, security and stability in Gaza.
The task of this force will be to train and assist a Palestinian force to carry out duties in Gaza, and for this, Egypt and Jordan will be consulted. The task of this force will also be to monitor the borders of Gaza so that weapons and ammunition cannot enter Gaza from outside.
Although the plan assures that Israel will not occupy the West Bank or annex it, it does not provide a timeline for the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Gaza. The mechanism proposed in Article 16 states that the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Gaza will not only be gradual but will also be based on an agreement between Israel and the interim authority, and even after the agreement, Israel will have the right to keep its forces in Gaza in the name of security. President Trump has said that his plan is the last chance to end the war in Gaza and establish peace.
Therefore, all parties affected by the Gaza war are trying their best not to let this opportunity slip away. However, it needs amendments and clarification of some clauses so that there are no obstacles in the way of their implementation. The Qatar Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman made this proposal in an interview with Al Jazeera Arabic. Therefore, it is more likely that it will be agreed upon through consultations between the United States, Israel and eight Arab and Muslim countries to make it practical.
It is hoped that this consultation will yield positive results and that it will be acceptable and practical in light of the draft presented by the bloc of Arab and Muslim countries. Notwithstanding, this plan may at most result in a ceasefire in Gaza and avert the threat of further expansion of the war in West Asia for a while, but it cannot be expected to bring about lasting peace because it neither talks about an independent and separate Palestinian state nor promises to stop the construction of new Jewish settlements in the occupied Arab territories, namely the West Bank and East Jerusalem.
However, the fact of the matter is, the plan presented by President Trump only serves the goals of Israel and ignores Hamas and the people of Palestine, and presents Hamas as a criminal. It should have been that Hamas be taken into confidence before finalizing the plan, but it was initially given four days to accept the plan under the shadow of threats and then told to be prepared for serious consequences. The plan does not include any concept of an independent Palestinian state, nor has any minimum or maximum period been set for its completion, while everyone is aware of Israel’s cunning, deceit and treachery.
In contrast, the peace plan prepared by eight Muslim countries included the establishment of an independent Palestinian state, which President Trump has completely ignored. There is no independent state in the world that has been declared free of weapons that can protect its security and defend itself from any aggressor, usurper or invader. If there had been talk of Israel returning to the 1967 borders, with the Palestinian state having jurisdiction over Jerusalem, then perhaps this plan could have been accepted to some extent. Although idealists are not ready to listen to the two-state solution, pragmatists would probably have accepted it, because it is also necessary to save more innocent human lives from being killed.
Mustafa Barghouthi, a prominent Palestinian leader, speaking at an Arabic television said: “Handing over Gaza to an international force is a colonial project. There is no mention of the end of the Palestinian state and occupation. Israel could take advantage of the slow withdrawal and start a war again under any pretext. The Palestinian side is being completely ignored.” Regarding the possible appointment of former British Prime Minister Tony Blair as interim head of Palestine, Barghouthi said: “Tony Blair’s role is unacceptable. His lies and deceit in the Iraq war are not hidden from anyone. The US president is completely favorable to Israel. The Palestinian people should be given the right to free democratic elections. In any case, Israel’s plan to ethnically eliminate Gaza has failed.”
The sacrifices made by the Hamas leadership and the Palestinians of Gaza and the brutal atrocities inflicted on them are unparalleled in recent human history. Nearly seventy thousand people have been martyred, millions have been injured, the entire urban structure has been reduced to rubble, and the lifetime earnings of more than two and a half million people have been turned into ashes. No one knows how many more bodies will be found under this rubble when it is lifted. The direct parties to the Gaza conflict are Israel and Hamas, but in this whole project, Trump wants to consider Israel completely credible but marginalizes Hamas.
Protests were held all over the world, including the US and Europe, and resolutions were passed. There is a long list of demands. The US and the West have also given Israel weapons and resources. The height of the oppression is that the US has repeatedly vetoed resolutions on the Gaza ceasefire in the UN Security Council. If the figures are collected from the establishment of Israel to this day, the US veto can reach a hundred. During this time, US President Trump not only supported the Israeli Prime Minister but also encouraged him, neither calling his oppression persecution nor his oppression repression. Trump stood up against the whole world in support of Netanyahu.
It should be noted that no agreement or peace and reconciliation is unilateral and can based on the support of one party. The other party is also taken into confidence and their rights are guaranteed. This only happens in the decrees of dictators. Hamas is not an infiltrating group. Palestine has been their homeland for thousands of years, they have been fighting for the right of return to their country and the Masjid al Aqsa and their homeland. Every human rights document recognizes this right of theirs. The greatest injustice is that no one in America and the West has any compassion for Hamas and its sacrifices, rather they call them terrorists. This is the utter injustice.
When the eyes of judges are blind by hatred and the poisonous germs of bigotry have taken root in their minds, it is futile to expect justice from them. There is no trace of true justice in Trump’s plan, while the fact is that Hamas had won a historic victory in the elections in Gaza in a democratic manner in the past and had the full support of the people there, so it is a democratic force.
The ‘Board of Peace’ proposed in this plan is being headed by former British Prime Minister Tony Blair instead of the Palestinians, even though the plague on Israel was created by Britain itself. What interest can Tony Blair have in this region? Only those who live in this land can understand its problems and difficulties. Also, President Trump has declared himself its head, and his hatred for the Palestinians and love for Israel are obvious to all. Moreover, when an international force consisting of Arab and Muslim countries are deployed there, it will be his responsibility to establish peace.
The immediate withdrawal of Israeli forces should have been guaranteed, but neither guarantee of immediate withdrawal was given, nor anytime period was set for it. Israeli history shows that they do not consider themselves bound by any agreement. Similarly, the end of Israeli settlements and encroachments in the West Bank should have been part of the agreement. What should have happened was that Hamas’s fighters should have been transformed into the Palestinian Defense Forces so that they could play a positive role in the defense, security and safety of their homeland.
As of now, Hamas has accepted President Trump’s plan though, conditionally, the whole world is once again focused on the bloody chapter of Palestine. This peace plan has become the centre of global discussion. If there is a metaphor for courage and resistance in the face of Israel’s brutality and inhuman atrocities, it is Hamas. Hamas, with the efforts of its Qatari mediators, has delivered its response to Washington regarding the 21-points peace plan presented by US President Donald Trump.
Hamas has announced that it is ready to accept the points of the plan. According to Hamas, this position was taken after lengthy internal consultations that included the Hamas leadership, other Palestinian factions, regional mediators and friendly countries in order to reach a national and responsible decision. Hamas has further stated that it appreciates the mediation efforts and international support and is ready to immediately engage in negotiations to implement the detailed conditions of the release, security and administrative matters. In addition, Hamas has made it clear that it supports in principle the transfer of the interim administration of Gaza to a neutral, skilled Palestinian technocrat, provided that such an administration is established under national consensus and Arab and Islamic support, and stressed that the fundamental issues of Gaza’s future will not be limited to the decisions of any one party, but will be resolved within a comprehensive Palestinian national framework, in which Hamas will remain an active participant and put national interests first.
On this Peace Agreement, nonetheless, Hamas has made itself conditionally ready for it; comments have begun on the possibility of accelerating the ongoing negotiations around this project at the regional and global levels. Now, eyes are focused on Washington, Tel Aviv and those Muslim and Arab states that are playing or could play a key role in this mediation process. This situation is historic in many respects. First of all, it is clear that the resistance of the Palestinian people has failed Israel and forced the world to consider the Palestinian stand.
On the other hand, Hamas has sent a message with principled determination that it is certainly ready for war, but decisions will be made on the basis of principles. Two aspects are important in President Trump’s recent statement. One is that he has directly asked Israel to stop bombing Gaza. The other is that he has included countries like Qatar, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Jordan in the peace process, indicating that peace in the Middle East does not depend only on the decisions of the United States and Israel, but that other important players in the region are also part of this process. This pressure is a sign that the world is no longer in favor of continuing this war. Now the ball is in Israel’s court.
If it truly desires the release of prisoners and the establishment of peace, it must stop its aggression on Gaza. But past experience shows that Israel has often squandered such opportunities. The question is, will history repeat itself this time, or will Israel bow to international pressure and the determination of the Palestinian people? The fact is crystal clear, whether the decision to continue the war or seek relief through negotiations, both paths are inevitable and correct for the Palestinian people. A halt to the war may provide temporary relief to the wounded people of Palestine, and negotiations may lead to the restoration of some basic humanitarian assistance. But the real question is who stands on the principled position of this struggle? And the answer is clear that even today, if anyone stands on principles, it is Hamas. The oppressed people of the world, Muslims as well as non-Muslim resistance fighters, look at Hamas with confidence. Because Hamas is not just a group but a representative movement of the Palestinians. It had won the elections with a huge majority and it is Hamas that broke the spell of Israel’s invincibility and destroyed the illusion of its military superiority. Only after this America has sensed the danger and begun negotiations because if it could have ended it through war, it would have done so, but it is showing signs of failure in this juncture.
Hamas’s principled policy is that not even an inch of Palestine will be recognized by Israel. Adherence to this policy is its real strength. This is the reason why ordinary Muslims in every corner of the world consider Hamas to be the centre of their hope. The tragedy of the world is not that the West is Hamas’ enemy, this is a natural thing. The real tragedy is that the rulers of the Muslim world are not with Hamas. If the Arab countries and Muslim leadership had stood with the Palestinian people and applied diplomatic and military pressure against Israel, then Israel would not have committed such carnage today and the number of killings from Zionist brutality in Gaza would not have reached to approximately seventy thousand. Since March 18, 2025, 13,420 Palestinians have been killed and 57,124 have been injured. The inaction and criminal silence of Muslim rulers has given Israel the courage to openly shed the blood of innocent Palestinians while violating international laws.
Salute to the courage of the Palestinian people who, despite every sacrifice, are steadfast in their identity and land. They are sending a message to the world that neither bombs nor tanks can suppress the dream of freedom. But the question is, where is the Muslim Ummah? People around the world stand with Hamas, but the Arab world are still busy in the race to increase relations with Israel. This is the point that has deepened the gap between the common Muslim and the rulers.
The people are and will remain with Palestine, but the rulers have traded their conscience for the pleasure of the West. Another noteworthy fact is that not only Muslims, but also non-Muslim resistance fighters around the world look at Hamas with respect. Many just circles in South America, Europe and Africa consider the Palestinian struggle to be a continuation of their own struggle. For them, Hamas is a symbol against colonialism. This is why Israel and its allies have not been able to isolate Hamas despite their efforts. The trust in Hamas does not only belong to the Palestinian people, but also to the entire Muslim Ummah and the just people of the world.
Whether it is war or negotiations, Hamas’s decision has always been based on principles and for the Palestinian people, and this is its real wealth. It is possible that the condition today may not be the same tomorrow and the story of negotiations may not move forward. This is the way of war and negotiations, but the danger has not been averted. Hamas also knows this. The real problem and danger are for the Arab countries, but perhaps they have not yet woken up from their sleep of negligence. The fact is that the indifference and negligence of the world’s rulers have weakened the people. If the Muslim rulers truly stand with Palestine, the days of Israel’s brutality can be numbered.
Even though the 21-points peace plan appear to be a serious and practical document. It includes points such as the immediate release of hostages, the disarmament of Hamas, Hamas’s dismantle from the administrative role of Gaza, and an immediate halt to Israeli attacks. But the Palestinian issue is not a simple conflict that can be resolved by a single document or statement; it is a complex issue with historical, political, humanitarian, and geographical dimensions in which numerous classes, rights, and international interests are entangled. The protection of human lives, the release of prisoners, and an immediate end to violence must be at the core of any wise policy. Similarly, economic recovery in Gaza, interim administration, and regional security guarantees, if truly effective and credible, can sow the seeds of peace for future generations.
However, there are several points in the plan that seem to be very difficult to implement practically and morally. For example, the complete disarmament of Hamas and its complete exclusion from the administrative structure of Gaza. Although it seems logical from the point of view of preventing terrorism, its practical consequences must be considered. Hamas is not just a military or political party; it is a local socio-political reality that has built regional partnerships with popular support over decades. Attempting to remove it abruptly from the scene would create a vacuum in local power that could open the way for extremism or acts of revenge. Similarly, the formation of an interim government and the reform of the Palestinian Authority require the participation of local public representatives, civil society, and regional parties without any external interference or domination.
An important question is also that the past statements and practical actions of the United States and Israel have created a huge trust gap in the Muslim world. The continued diplomatic, military and financial support of the United States during the Israeli aggression has created the impression among many Arab countries and people that the United States is not a neutral party but a clear partner. Consequently, Muslim countries should adopt a very cautious and principled stance when making any compromises regarding Palestinian rights. Complete Israeli withdrawal from Palestinian land, return of the occupied territories and full implementation of Palestinian self-determination are the need of the hour.
Furthermore, the plan’s stipulation that there should be no forced withdrawal from Gaza is a positive point, but effective implementation of this stipulation requires the participation of ground mechanisms, monitoring bodies, and regional powers. Only paper guarantees can be effective in the short term. The restoration of local rights and the provision of justice are essential for lasting peace. It should also be remembered that the representation of Muslim countries as guarantors in the leadership and selection of any transitional government, if hypothetically possible, should be solely aimed at ensuring the protection of local Palestinian interests and the democratic expectations of the Muslim Ummah, otherwise this step could become a pretext for external intervention and undermine Palestinian sovereignty.
Another serious aspect is that obtaining guarantees from the United States or security guarantees from regional powers is not as easy a process as it seems in the statements. Historically, international guarantees have not proven credible unless they are accompanied by a clear legal framework, enforcement mechanisms, and punitive measures. Therefore, Muslim countries should seek evidence in the form of guarantees that are written and enforceable under international law, UN resolutions, and regional security agreements.
If Muslim countries unconditionally support a plan, the possible negative consequences endanger their internal political interests, public sentiment, and regional stability. Therefore, the better path is for Muslim countries to support any plan with principled conditions: full restoration of Palestinian rights, respect for relevant UN resolutions, complete withdrawal of Israeli forces from the occupied territories, and centralization of Palestinian representation in the interim authority. If these conditions are not met, the plan will not actually be in the interest of the Palestinian people, but will simply be otherwise.
The solution to the Palestinian issue is not just a political or military issue, but also an economic, social and human rights issue. Creating opportunities for economic development in Gaza and providing financial assistance for the rehabilitation of infrastructure are essential, but they must be accompanied by sustainable projects for employment, education, health and justice that are participatory and controlled by local residents. Regional powers, international institutions and financial institutions must make a real contribution to this, not just temporary aid or political rhetoric.
If the 21-point peace plan can truly guarantee the protection of Palestinian rights and local self-determination, it will be a wonderful start. But the reality is that words and promises are not enough; without practical implementation, transparent monitoring, local participation and an international legal framework, this plan will remain a mere paper hope. It is wise for Muslim countries to prioritize the real interests of the Palestinian people, support any plan on a principled and conditional basis, and ensure that the Palestinian right to self-determination and the return of the occupied lands remain a top priority in the future, otherwise today’s expediency may lead to dangerous consequences tomorrow.
While penning down these lines, immediate reports received from Egyptian media claiming that on the basis of the proposed plan of the US president Donald Trump, the ceasefire agreement in Gaza has come into effect. The Cairo TV reported, the ceasefire agreement came into effect Thursday at 1:30 pm India time. The Egyptian Foreign Ministry has announced the development as an important milestone and said that the talks in Sharm el-Sheikh have taken a positive turn in the war in Gaza. On the other hand, according to reports, the office of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that the implementation of the ceasefire will come into effect after the approval of the Israeli cabinet, which is expected this evening. The sources have quoted, an Israeli official as saying that the release of 20 Israeli hostages from Gaza is expected on coming Sunday or Monday. It came, after US President Donald Trump announced on Wednesday that the two sides had agreed to the first phase of his plan to end the war in the Gaza Strip. Meanwhile, the Israeli PM said, “We have halted offensive operations in Gaza”. This announcement comes days after indirect negotiations held behind closed doors in the Egyptian resort of Sharm el-Sheikh, involving American, Egyptian, Turkish, and Qatari mediators, to end the devastating war that continued between Israel and Hamas for two years.
In response to the announcement of a permanent ceasefire agreement in the Gaza Strip, Ali Baraka, head of the National Relations Department of Hamas abroad, welcomed the move “considering it a major national achievement, the result of the steadfastness and heroic resistance of the Palestinian people in the face of the ongoing Israeli aggression for more than two years”. Undoubtedly, the Palestinian people at home and abroad, demonstrated their steadfastness and unity in struggle, which constituted the true support of the resistance in this battle.
The agreement includes the withdrawal of occupation forces from the Gaza Strip, the entry of humanitarian aid, and the release of prisoners from both sides. The resistance fought this battle in defense of the land, the people, and the holy sites, and on behalf of the entire Palestine. This agreement could not have been achieved without the steadfastness of the Palestinian people in the besieged Gaza Strip and their support for the resistance, in addition to the widespread popular support from the people of the world who stood by the Palestinian cause and rejected the aggression and siege. The agreement does not end the battle with the occupation, rather represents an important step toward establishing the rights of the Palestinian people, most notably lifting the siege on Gaza, releasing prisoners, and fulfilling the people’s aspirations for freedom, right of return, and independence.
This agreement followed negotiations between the movement and the resistance factions in Sharm el-Sheikh, based on a proposal submitted by the US President. The agreement is expected to enter into force this Thursday evening following its ratification by the Israeli government. The response of Hamas shows, the resolutions of theirs to bring peace to the Middle East and comply with the US as an organization unlike Israel as a country which has breached every boundary of a respectable “nation-state”.
(The ideas expressed in the article are personnel)
